Population growth is the change in the number of people living in a country over a certain period. It is usually measured as an annual percentage.

It is calculated using three main factors:

• Birth rate: The number of babies born.
• Death rate: The number of people who pass away.
• Net migration: The number of people moving into or out of the country.

Population growth is an important sign of a country’s economic health. It impacts the labour supply, the dependency ratio (the number of young or elderly people compared to those working), and the demand for goods. Generally, developing countries experience higher growth, while developed countries often see low or negative growth.