Urbanisation is the process where more people move to live in cities and towns. It usually happens due to migration, natural population growth, and the physical expansion of city areas. It is measured by the percentage of a total population living in urban centers.

Key features include:

• Causes: People leave rural areas because of lack of jobs or poor services (push factors) and move to cities for better work, education, and healthcare (pull factors).
• Developing countries: Growth is often fast and unplanned, which can lead to overcrowding and the development of slums.
• Developed countries: Urban growth often slows down as people move to surrounding suburbs or smaller towns.
• Economic change: It is linked to structural transformation, where the economy shifts from farming to manufacturing and service-based work.